core: Enhance signal handling, reported "status" and logs (#12216)

* Enhance telemetry, signal handling, and logs

Improve failure telemetry and signal handling across the installer: add get_full_log() to collect/strip/truncate install logs and include them in API payloads with a truncated retry; add CONTAINER_INSTALLING flag around lxc-attach and stop containers on abort to avoid orphaned "installing/configuring" records; introduce _send_abort_telemetry() (curl fallback for container context) and _stop_container_if_installing() helpers; centralize and simplify EXIT/ERR/INT/TERM/HUP traps and handlers (including a new on_hangup handler) and update VM scripts to report numeric exit codes. Also ensure best-effort log collection is performed and tweak error categorization for certain signals.

* Include full log in error telemetry

Use get_full_log (up to 120KB) to populate the error telemetry field so the API receives the full installation trace; fall back to get_error_text (last ~20 lines) if the full log is empty. Removed collection and inclusion of a separate install_log field from the JSON payloads and simplified the retry payloads/comments accordingly. The change ensures error reports contain the complete trace while avoiding duplicate large log fields and keeps graceful failure handling (get_full_log || true).

* Anonymize IP addresses in get_full_log

Mask IPv4 addresses in logs when collecting full log output: added a sed step that replaces the last two octets with "x.x" to avoid exposing full IPs (GDPR). Also updated the comment to reflect anonymization; existing steps that strip carriage returns and ANSI escape sequences remain in place before truncating with head -c.

vm/ubuntu2404-vm.sh

@@ -63,8 +63,9 @@ THIN="discard=on,ssd=1,"
 set -e
 trap 'error_handler $LINENO "$BASH_COMMAND"' ERR
 trap cleanup EXIT
-trap 'post_update_to_api "failed" "INTERRUPTED"' SIGINT
-trap 'post_update_to_api "failed" "TERMINATED"' SIGTERM
+trap 'post_update_to_api "failed" "130"' SIGINT
+trap 'post_update_to_api "failed" "143"' SIGTERM
+trap 'post_update_to_api "failed" "129"; exit 129' SIGHUP
 function error_handler() {
   local exit_code="$?"
   local line_number="$1"